Handgun Hoedown Mac OS

1. Mac Os Mojave
2. Handgun Hoedown Mac Os Pro
3. Handgun Hoedown Mac Os Catalina
4. Mac Os Catalina

Many assembly tutorials and books doesn't coverhow to write a simple assembly program on the Mac OS X.Here are some baby steps that can help people whoare also interested in assembly to get startedeasier.

Mach-O file format

Devices and Mac OS X version. VLC media player requires Mac OS X 10.7.5 or later. It runs on any Mac with a 64-bit Intel processor or an Apple Silicon chip. Previous devices are supported by older releases. Note that the first generation of Intel-based Macs equipped with Core Solo or Core Duo processors is no longer supported. Handgun Hoedown is the local multiplayer Western game for having a hoedown with handguns! Get to a gun as quickly as possible and shoot your fellow cowboy right between the eyes - if you haven't got a revolver, run for your life or punch one right out of their hands! The first cowboy to three kills wins! By default, your iPad shows an extension of your Mac desktop. You can move windows to it and use it like any other display. To mirror your Mac display so that both screens show the same content, return to the Display menu or AirPlay menu, which shows a blue iPad icon while using Sidecar. Choose the option to mirror your display. The Military Armament Corporation Model 10, officially abbreviated as 'M10' or 'M-10', and more commonly known as the MAC-10, is a compact, blowback operated machine pistol/submachine gun that was developed by Gordon B. It is chambered in either.45 ACP or 9mm.A two-stage suppressor by Sionics was designed for the MAC-10, which not only abates the noise created, but.

To get started on writing OSX assembly, you need tounderstand OSX executable file format – the Mach-Ofile format. It's similar to ELF, but insteadof sections of data, bss, and text, it has segments thatcontains sections.

Make sure your version of tar supports all 4 different compressed file formats (.lz,.gz,.xz,.bz2), but since the standard Mac version of tar does that for me, it'll probably work for you too. On 2017-09-27, I failed to build GCC 7.2.0 on macOS High Sierra 10.13 (using XCode 9 for the bootstrap compiler) using the same script as worked on.

A common assembly in Linux like

would translate into this in Mach-O

Mach-O is pretty flexible. You can embed acstring section in your __TEXT segment insteadof putting it in __DATA,__data. Actually this isthe default behavior that compiler does on your Mac.

Hello Assembly

Now we know how to translate common linux assemblyto mac, let's write a basic program – do a system callwith an exit code.

Mac Os Mojave

On x86 you do a system call by int x80 instruction. On64 bit machine, you do this by syscall. Here's the samplecode:

you can compile the code by the following commands:

To perform a system call, you put the system call number in%eax, and put the actual exit code to %ebx. The systemcall number can be found in /usr/include/sys/syscall.h.

The system call number need to add an offset 0x2000000, becauseOSX has 4 different class of system calls. You can find the referencehere XNU syscall.

System call by using wrapper functions

If you're like me that had no assembly background, you mightfeel that syscall is alien to you. In C, we usually usewrapper functions to perform the call:

Now we call a libc function instead of performing a systemcall. To do this we need to link to libc by passing -lcto linker ld. There are several things you need to doto make a function call.

Call frame

We need to prepare the stack before we call a function. Elseyou would probably get a segmentation fault.The values in %rsp and %rbp is used to preserve frame information.To maintain the stack, you first push the base register %rbponto the stack by pushq %rbp;then you copy the stack register %rsp to the base register.

If you have local variables, you subtract %rsp for space.Remember, stack grows down and heap grows up.When releasing the frame, you add the space back to %rsp.

A live cycle of a function would look like this:

The stack size can be set at link time. On OSX, below are theexample parameters you can pass to ld to set the stack size:

When setting the stack size, you also have to set the stack address.On the System V Application Binary Interface it says

Although the AMD64 architecture uses 64-bit pointers, implementationsare only required to handle 48-bit addresses. Therefore, conforming processes may onlyuse addresses from 0x00000000 00000000 to 0x00007fff ffffffff

I don't know a good answer of how to chose a good stack address.I just copy whatever a normal code produces.

Parameters passing

The rules for parameter passing can be found in System VApplication Binary Interface:

1. If the class is MEMORY, pass the argument on the stack.If the size of an object is larger than four eight bytes, orit contains unaligned fields, it has class MEMORY.
2. If the class is INTEGER, the next available register of the sequence %rdi,%rsi, %rdx, %rcx, %r8 and %r9 is used.
3. If the class is SSE, the next available vector register is used, the registersare taken in the order from %xmm0 to %xmm7.

The exit() function only need one integer parameter, therefore we putthe exit code in %edi. Since the parameter is type int, we use 32 bitvariance of register %rdi and the instruction is movl (mov long) insteadof movq (mov quad).

Hello world

Now we know the basics of how to performa system call, and how to call a function.Let's write a hello world program.

The global variable str can only be accessed through GOT(Global Offset Table). And the GOT needs to be access fromthe instruction pointer %rip. For more curious you canread Mach-O Programming Topics: x86-64 Code Model.

The register used for syscall parameters are a littlebit different than the normal function call.It uses %rdi, %rsi, %rdx, %r10, %r8 and %r9.You cannot pass more than 6 parameters in syscall, norcan you put the parameters on the stack.

Hello world using printf

Now you know the basics of assembly. A hello worldexample using printf should be trivial to read:

Conclusion

The 64 bit assembly looks more vague than the tutorialswritten in X86 assembly. Once you know these basic differences,it's easy for you to learn assembly in depth on your own,even if the material is designed for x86. I highly recommendthe book 'Programming from the ground up'. It is well writtenfor self study purpose.

References

1. OS X Assembler Reference Assembler Directives
2. Book: Programming from the ground up.

Handgun Hoedown Mac Os Pro

would translate into this in Mach-O

Mach-O is pretty flexible. You can embed acstring section in your __TEXT segment insteadof putting it in __DATA,__data. Actually this isthe default behavior that compiler does on your Mac.

Hello Assembly

Now we know how to translate common linux assemblyto mac, let's write a basic program – do a system callwith an exit code.

Mac Os Mojave

On x86 you do a system call by int x80 instruction. On64 bit machine, you do this by syscall. Here's the samplecode:

you can compile the code by the following commands:

To perform a system call, you put the system call number in%eax, and put the actual exit code to %ebx. The systemcall number can be found in /usr/include/sys/syscall.h.

The system call number need to add an offset 0x2000000, becauseOSX has 4 different class of system calls. You can find the referencehere XNU syscall.

System call by using wrapper functions

If you're like me that had no assembly background, you mightfeel that syscall is alien to you. In C, we usually usewrapper functions to perform the call:

Now we call a libc function instead of performing a systemcall. To do this we need to link to libc by passing -lcto linker ld. There are several things you need to doto make a function call.

Call frame

We need to prepare the stack before we call a function. Elseyou would probably get a segmentation fault.The values in %rsp and %rbp is used to preserve frame information.To maintain the stack, you first push the base register %rbponto the stack by pushq %rbp;then you copy the stack register %rsp to the base register.

If you have local variables, you subtract %rsp for space.Remember, stack grows down and heap grows up.When releasing the frame, you add the space back to %rsp.

A live cycle of a function would look like this:

The stack size can be set at link time. On OSX, below are theexample parameters you can pass to ld to set the stack size:

When setting the stack size, you also have to set the stack address.On the System V Application Binary Interface it says

Although the AMD64 architecture uses 64-bit pointers, implementationsare only required to handle 48-bit addresses. Therefore, conforming processes may onlyuse addresses from 0x00000000 00000000 to 0x00007fff ffffffff

I don't know a good answer of how to chose a good stack address.I just copy whatever a normal code produces.

Parameters passing

The rules for parameter passing can be found in System VApplication Binary Interface:

1. If the class is MEMORY, pass the argument on the stack.If the size of an object is larger than four eight bytes, orit contains unaligned fields, it has class MEMORY.
2. If the class is INTEGER, the next available register of the sequence %rdi,%rsi, %rdx, %rcx, %r8 and %r9 is used.
3. If the class is SSE, the next available vector register is used, the registersare taken in the order from %xmm0 to %xmm7.

The exit() function only need one integer parameter, therefore we putthe exit code in %edi. Since the parameter is type int, we use 32 bitvariance of register %rdi and the instruction is movl (mov long) insteadof movq (mov quad).

Hello world

Now we know the basics of how to performa system call, and how to call a function.Let's write a hello world program.

The global variable str can only be accessed through GOT(Global Offset Table). And the GOT needs to be access fromthe instruction pointer %rip. For more curious you canread Mach-O Programming Topics: x86-64 Code Model.

The register used for syscall parameters are a littlebit different than the normal function call.It uses %rdi, %rsi, %rdx, %r10, %r8 and %r9.You cannot pass more than 6 parameters in syscall, norcan you put the parameters on the stack.

Hello world using printf

Now you know the basics of assembly. A hello worldexample using printf should be trivial to read:

Conclusion

The 64 bit assembly looks more vague than the tutorialswritten in X86 assembly. Once you know these basic differences,it's easy for you to learn assembly in depth on your own,even if the material is designed for x86. I highly recommendthe book 'Programming from the ground up'. It is well writtenfor self study purpose.

References

1. OS X Assembler Reference Assembler Directives
2. Book: Programming from the ground up.

Handgun Hoedown Mac Os Pro

Howard's Pawn and Jew­el­ry han­dles near­ly 10,000 firearms trans­ac­tions in a sin­gle year.
While this does include pawn busi­ness where the gun was pawned and then picked up, it's a
sub­stan­tial num­ber. It shows the expe­ri­ence we have in han­dling guns, both old and new.

Our typical gun-buying customer is a working-class male between 40 and 60 years old.

But we serve a far greater group of gun enthu­si­asts than that demo­graph­ic. Why? Because we car­ry such a wide range of firearms for all types of gun enthu­si­asts. If you're inter­est­ed in buy­ing or trad­ing your weapon and you are not look­ing to shop the big box stores, we are your go-to for every­thing you need.

When people think of a pawn
business, they usually expect
all used goods.

While we have a large selec­tion of used guns to choose from, you might be sur­prised
to know a large piece of our firearms sales con­sists of new guns. Our new gun sales
have grown sig­nif­i­cant­ly in recent years. We take trade-ins for new guns, we can
spe­cial order some­thing you might not be able to find any­where else local­ly, and we
price every­thing fair­ly and competitively.

The brands we car­ry include:

• Benel­li
• Beretta
• Brown­ing
• Colt
• Ruger
• Smith and Wesson
• Glock
• Spring­field Armory
• Tau­rus
• And many more…

The firearms and acces­sories we sell:

• Rifles
• Home defense weapons
• Shot­guns
• Pis­tols
• Silencers
• Scopes
• Ammu­ni­tion
• Mag­a­zines
• Optics
• Low­er receivers
• Hol­sters

In 2015 we also start­ed sell­ing class three firearms mer­chan­dise, includ­ing silencers,
short-bar­reled rifles, and ful­ly auto­mat­ic weapons (post 1986 restric­tion). Though no one but
the mil­i­tary can get new class three weapons man­u­fac­tured after 1986, we get a wide
vari­ety through sales and trade-ins. Rest assured, when a col­lec­tor or trad­er brings in
their guns or acces­sories, we require the prop­er paper­work before we move forward.

Another huge benefit of dealing with Howard's Pawn and Jewelry for
your gun business – you can skip the trip to the sheriff's department.

We have a stream­lined process to han­dle fin­ger­prints, pho­tos, and the
paper­work required by the state for firearms pur­chas­es (only need­ed for the pur­chase of silencers and short bar­reled rifles). We're a one-stop-shop for all of your gun needs.
One of the bonus­es of buy­ing and sell­ing guns with Howard's friend­ly,
expe­ri­enced team is the firearms trade-in deal. We not only pawn and sell
firearms, but we also offer tremen­dous trade-ins. Our cus­tomers
con­sis­tent­ly tell us our prices are far fair­er than oth­er pawn shops in the
mid­dle Geor­gia area. We are very aggres­sive with our trade-in pro­gram and
pric­ing, so you know you're get­ting the best deal when you're ready to
upgrade your firearm.

You'll find more than guns
when you shop at Howard's.

Handgun Hoedown Mac Os Catalina

We always have a com­pre­hen­sive col­lec­tion of safe­ty prod­ucts avail­able.
Whether you desire pre­ven­ta­tive mea­sures for your home or items to car­ry with
you when you're camp­ing, hunt­ing, or sim­ply dri­ving around, we've got what you
need. If you're look­ing for top-of-the-line flash­lights, pep­per spray, or knives of
all kinds, we've got you covered.

We want you to be
satisfied with your purchase.

Mac Os Catalina

Just because we're a pawn shop doesn't mean we don't guar­an­tee what we
sell. We offer a three-week tri­al peri­od for any used gun you pur­chase from our
store. If, for any rea­son, the gun you pur­chased does not func­tion as it
should, we will fix it at our own expense, or if it's not fix­able, we will give you
a full cred­it toward a swap. This is not a rental or trade-in pro­gram – we
won't replace it because you decide you don't like it. But we will make good
on our promise to sell firearms that work as they should.
Are you in the mar­ket for a used or new firearm? Before you go to a big box
store or an over­priced gun shop, check out the selec­tion at Howard's Pawn
and Jew­el­ry. We think you'll be pleas­ant­ly sur­prised at the qual­i­ty, selec­tion,
and prices. Our team can't wait to help you find exact­ly what you need at a
price that works for your budget.